M'eheust, Bertrand. (1978). "Science-fiction et soucoupes volantes". Paris: Mercure de France.
THE PSYCHO-SOCIAL Hypothesis
Hang around websites, in French and English, information the French sociologist M'eheust as belonging to the so-called psycho-social hypothesis (PSH) in ufology. This hypothesis in principal considers that the UFO phenomenon has no physical nose superfluous misperceiving human-made mast objects or modest phenomena. It equally considers that UFO witnesses without doubt project images and opinion burdened from the 20th century industrial culture dressed in banal phenomena. In more than a few instances, current may well be more than a few farther influences that set in motion one trance, but the happy of dwell in hallucinations are full up once dwell in images and opinion burdened from our culture. This position has been powerfully criticized for ignoring assorted irreducible arduous traces. On the other hand, researchers taking into account this position blatantly showed that the UFO phenomenon is "too human" in its work of fiction cot to be of extra-terrestrial birth.
Displeasing to assorted of dwell in web commentaries, M'eheust does not support once the PSH, without doubt in the role of the arduous traces cannot be disregarded (pp. 20 and 39). In fact, he is considering that the UFO phenomenon shares assorted similarities once psi accomplishments (p. 17), and that current is no reversal with the physical and clairvoyant book of the UFO phenomenon (p. 39). Also, he blatantly states that he does not indicate to side the UFO file parallel more than a few rush who aid the PSH (p. 39), and to conclude provides a unbearable condemnation of the PSH (pp. 211-219). M'eheust does not help strongly any particular hypothesis, but it is clear that he favours the parapsychological position once a sociological nip. In my shrewdness, he is a commence of parasociology.
SCIENCE-FICTION AND UFOS
M'eheust got the supposition of comparing the work of fiction cot of UFO sightings and side encounter reports to spacious science blend (SF) marks while he interpret about the 1896-97 airship rush in the Associated States. His first response was to see pictographic similarities once Jules Verne's new "Robur le Conqu'erant", published in 1885. Yet, M'eheust equally unspoken that thousands of rush saw the airships and that such a boundless joint hoax may possibly not hold on been orchestrated at the end of the 19th century. Everything else was leaving on. He moreover settled to do an great abrupt of the SF marks mainly dating from 1880 to 1930. Since he found is sufficiently enchanting.
In the book he presents, on nearly topics, a few quotes more than a few are from the SF and more than a few are from real UFO reports. In any case it is wild to congregate which ones are blend (burdened from the 1880s to 1930s) and which ones are real reports (on average burdened from the 1960s or 1970s). It is equally prime to stress that the SF marks of ahead World War Two was previously impeccably earlier in the 1960s and 1970s, and most of that spacious SF marks was published in French instance the UFO reports are potential from all over the world from non-French speaking countries. Excluding, by 1930s, assorted American writers were expressive by the French SF and ready their own roost of it. Helpfully, if current is a dance and walk out copy in attendance, current is equally a mediating cut that goes with a leg on each side of time and cultures. For him, the UFO phenomenon and SF hold on a rude extract in the productive organization of the human bizarre (pp. 19-20) (and I would say in the joint lacking feeling).
M'eheust provides a bursting notice of the SF work of fiction happy, and shows how key elements of the UFO phenomenon were equally very rude in the spacious SF marks. For slice, the SF identifies two key types of UFOs, the "callous ones" in the forms of saucers, spheres, set off, cigars, and "flaccid ones" mainly in the form of light that can stage shape at chi (pp. 56-61). The machines were described as having no supposed doors, yet an opening very great of light appears once uncanny beings in the middle of it (pp. 170-171). The innermost brainpower to be furnished in a very at a low level way once insolent parapet (pp. 61-62). These machines are described as either quiet or construction a living sound; they move in an restless way, in uneven, set in motion 90 degrees whirl, fall parallel a inert side, end and kind swiftly at very high charge of flicker (pp. 62-64). Sunlight of light and nearly uncanny lights are equally very rude in this SF marks (pp. 68-80). Balls of light and arduous forms fusing once any other's (pp. 81-83); materialisation and dematerialisation are equally sufficiently rude (pp. 94-100).
Emotional log and beginning from the rush flying dwell in machines was equally a rude corner (pp. 90-94). Shadows soothing and affliction, passing paralysis by uncanny light of light are equally found in that SF marks (pp. 102-110). Secular machines and compass stopping to work and animals freaking out in the ghost of dwell in flying machines; aliens and human pilots exempt to human weapons were equally rude story military protection (pp. 110-116). Commandeering by light of light and levitation (pp. 160-164), and teleportation were equally factor of this marks (pp. 117-126), once the experimentation chambers (pp. 172-174). Again, we hold on to lift up that assorted of these texts date vertebrae to ahead 1930, once a fully clad assign from ahead the Major World War.
SCIENCE Fabrication AND ALIENS
If this was faithfully not a lot, the humanoids described in the spacious SF hold on equally assorted pictographic similarities to side encounter reports promising from the 1950s up to the 1970s (while the book was on paper). Aliens once big heads and short thin bodies were very rude in the spacious SF marks, as well as human mad scientists who shared the actual tint. The best guess of having a big head as a sign of being spare nimble is whatever thing extraordinary to the Western culture (p. 130), and it is tempting to epistle that out-of-date comments of ETs outside the US were sufficiently opposite from the obstinate "Greys". For slice, while Vall'ee (1992) went to the USSR, the "aliens" were very tall and not looking parallel the "Greys". This was at a time while Russia was not yet "poisoned" by Western ufological folklore. In the SF, the corner of the mad scientist who was functional once by yourself a handful of servants was very rude. Other than M'eheust did not get entangled it (I imagine in the role of he wrote ahead the Roswell/Majic panic), but if one extends the corner of the remote mad scientist to a joint of mad scientists, moreover you hold on a fundamental conspiracy on the go. Of course, by yourself the government would be able to hold on such a conspiracy able to go on... In imitation of over, the work of fiction found in SF is very accurate to the one found in ufology. Forgotten the wild beasts, the spacious SF focussed equally on tall and impressive aliens (pp. 136-138) (parallel the so-called Nordic zip). In imitation of over, this corner of impressive "holy" is as old as the Out-of-date Greek folklore, and does not look forward to far off spare explanations.
Stalwart PATTERNS
M'eheust was not by yourself able to show that current are very important similarities with SF and the UFO phenomenon, but equally that they are so great that it cannot be a concern of trait. But he goes forward in presentation that current are clear patterns in all this: UFOs imitation once a hitch-hike of 10 to 20 time what has been described in the SF marks. Other than current were a few UFO sightings ahead 1947, they were blatantly a few time fleeting of the technology of the time: Zeppelin rush of 1896-97, "upgraded" airships of 1909, jet-like phantom planes of 1933, space rockets of 1946 (pp. 188-195). In addition to, we hold on the accomplishments of 1947 which were faithfully a decade ahead the admittance of the space exploration era started once the initiate of Sputnik in 1957; and this is true at this strive for that UFOs started to transpire spaceships from farther space. For M'eheust, SF is an expression of the human bizarre that can anticipate in mount technical levitate, and it is by yourself privileged by the aptitude to have doubts about the sophisticated once what exists in the give away. The UFO phenomenon occurred historically with the moments of whatever thing becomes imaginable in blend but ahead it becomes an totally reality (p. 197). These periods may possibly be described as liminal from the strive for of shrewdness of the joint bizarre.
Additional prime normal is the dream-like animals of side encounters, previously noticed by other authors parallel Vall'ee and Randles. The abduction conspire was equally factor of the spacious SF, and is imitated in the UFO reports. But the abduction conspire is a very old story that goes vertebrae not by yourself to the Secret Ages once fairies and elves, but equally vertebrae to the Greek folklore. In such cases, rush brainpower to hold on a clairvoyant transformation in the role of they visited more than a few uncanny reality. The UFO is a modern demonstration of what M'eheust telephone a "reality exchanger" (pp. 179-185) wherever one goes from one reality to different, wherever they receive more than a few point or earth more than a few uncanny (and on average ruined) appreciation. Other than he does not mention it, this makes me stance of the work of fiction cot of the Greek champion who had to go directly the underworld and happen vertebrae to transpire a champion. The Greek the upper classes had I imagine a spare a selection of contour towards these "reality exchangers" than we do. As posted ahead, it is tempting to epistle that American Frequent hold on equally a sufficiently opposite contour towards dreams and "reality use instead" dexterity.
PARASOCIOLOGICAL EXPLANATION?
For M'eheust the clear continuum with SF and the UFO phenomenon calls for a opposite position to hole it. He is referring on mass occasions to Jung's famous notice in "Flying Porcelain". He agrees once Jung that the UFO phenomenon is whatever thing that requirements to be unspoken as a shared story, but disagrees once him while it comes to the instance of the materiality of the UFOs. So, M'eheust equally introduces parapsychology to demonstrate the phenomenon, and does trip up to stress that the instance of surfacing and dematerialization want be at the spit of the notice. But he is equally innocent in that he notices that parapsychological explanations brainpower to be centered on the idiosyncratic, and implies that the idiosyncratic has a boundless blanket to drop in the put out of any psi clothes. In the case of UFOs, such assumptions are callous to scaffold, mainly while current are assorted individual witnesses thorny. Flaw immediately couch it, he opens the mime to virtually psi from a opposite angle; expansive psi bent out of the joint lacking feeling (unspoken in attendance in a far off spare supple way than what Jung is proposing) that is witnessed by inhabitants. In other speech, excluding we are therapy once a human phenomenon, it is bent and experienced at opposite levels of reality (or ontology). Available, we can set in motion an congruence with an economist who studies the give away dip and person concerned who lost his/her job. They moreover witnessing the actual reality, but their respective perspective or ontological standpoints are sufficiently opposite. I elaborate it is time for parapsychology to hear the supposition that psi is equally whatever thing that has multiple ontological levels, and the idiosyncratic one is faithfully but one of them.
It is tempting to see that person concerned, ahead me, came to accurate conclusions about the UFO phenomenon. On the other hand, it is equally a bit intimidating as I hold on the representation of re-inventing the wander. My fall gracefulness is that M'eheust does not research in any fruitfulness the opinion of expansive psi, and of joint lacking feeling (whilst over from a far off supple perspective than what Jung planned).
THE Nearby WAVE?
Based on M'eheust's notice of the spacious SF, it is everyday to care for forward an empirical model for parasociology. The joint lacking feeling gets a fussy happy out of the work of fiction stories of a alliance (arts and SF included). So such work of fiction stories as blend push the fringe of what is precise as everyday and wild (as in the case of SF), moreover new room is bent for psi clothes (based on my description of psi ready in the post about Favre). This blend moreover gets earlier a few time afterward, mainly in the role of as in the case of SF it is interpret by family and teenagers; they transpire adults, they hold on odd jobs about the in attendance and now. The bizarre flourishes to the joint lacking feeling directly dubious marks hold on now time to "get to", therefore the hitch-hike of 10 to 20 time. So current is a "dilemma" (for slice the dilemma of a nuclear war, (for the US in the 1950s) or the end of a sharpen organization distinction and stand up (for France in 1954), the joint lacking feeling releases more than a few of its happy, which may dance poltergeist-like phenomena on a expansive gradation (such as a UFO rush). In imitation of the phenomenon is out, if it is all right cultivated by na"ive observers (i.e. ETH ufologists) moreover it can grip leaving on in a method accurate to a pungent (i.e., in a reduced and underneath ostentatious way), mainly pitiful inhabitants impartially than collectives. This is steady a testable model for the at that moment rush of social-level PEMIE (which may not be necessarily UFOs).
Excluding, as we are now well dressed in the post-modern era wherever current are a troop of parallel and fragmented dubious work of fiction stories that push the fringe of the everyday, it is underneath undeniable that we chi dexterity "suitably deep" PEMIE on a expansive gradation parallel UFO crash. In the last twenty time, the heaven marks innate once the "Dungeon and Dragon era" may be the most rude denominator. In this case, the bizarre is set in bizarre lands, different to the spacious SF which occurred mainly on gift Den. This may chip away at the bizarre organization of such marks as it from the jump forward alienated from the "real" world. The childish person of this, although, would be an greater than before itemize of rush reporting being visiting other worlds in need having a strong industrial flavour (as in the case of UFOs). It is to be repeated equally that less significant crises impartially than national ones chi be the triggers. The give away dip, which is having assorted unite impacts, may be such a timely. It is equally everyday to elaborate that the CE4 conspire chi mutate and fit high-class the heaven marks work of fiction. The principal work of fiction of the SF is that humans are moreover in awe and nervous of their own technology. The principal work of fiction of the heaven prototypical is the challenge with vertical and contrite wherever frozen hearts and magic give an isolation. The post-modern world being what it is, current is now a integration with the SF and heaven genres. So the mutation of the CE4 work of fiction may well be the best bet. This would renovate dressed in the abductees having to do whatever thing for the vertical in common. The dexterity would be underneath tame, but the whatever thing to do would be by yourself telling clothed in the PEMIE, and would begin eerie and senseless whilst vertebrae in the banal world. I suppose it chi be opposite from the "Put Brother" era and from Marian apparitions, wherever humans are asked to do whatever thing vertical in the banal world (i.e., hold forth quiet down, defend, build churches, etc). The work of fiction of the new rush want enter feat whatever thing vertical ingoing the PEMIE world. As well, if SF emerged at a time wherever technologies were stimulating rush, the current era is bring to a close by instance about joint identities and basic challenges to key metaphysical opinion (i.e., hostility of the upper classes, multiculturalism, globalization and culture evenness, etc.). Like this, the progression is set to draw vertebrae dressed in a culturally safer world, and the heaven hypothetical prototypical offers such a world, excluding it is artless to be broad-based once other genres. In any accomplishments, this is a testable hypothesis but by yourself time chi tell. The key chi be to restrain that these CE4 reports not amenable to the Grey ET conspire chi not be prohibited by investigators in the role of they do not fit the ETH.
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